Write a Report

A case study/ report This is a medical case study with 4 patients and their info will be given. I'd like someone to write about and research what each patient has (as in what illness) following a specific layout. Only contact if you have some knowledge about immunology and lab results analysis. INFO: DETECTION OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES IN SERUM USING AN ELISA TECHNIQUE Different viral antigen extracts have been immobilised onto the surface of plastic wells in a microtitre plate. Diluted patients sera are adsorbed to the wells and the specific antiviral antibodies bind to the different antigens lining the wells. After a wash stage, to rid of unbound patient's antibody, an antihuman antibody conjugated to an enzyme is added. After incubation, the plates are again washed to free from unbound conjugate and a substrate added. After a few minutes incubation, the enzyme cleaves the colourless substrate to produce a yellow solution in the wells. The intensity of the colour can be estimated colorimetrically using an ELISA plate reader. Only those samples containing the specific antiviral antibodies will produce a colour reaction. In this simple experiment, the wells have already been coated with the viral antigen extract. The four viral antigens are Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus. Four patients serum samples, P1 to P4 are provided, together with both positive and negative control sera. The positive serum is designed to produce a density of colour that acts as a cut-off for determining positive samples. Principles of the Method DAY 1. 200ul of the diluted viral antigens were added to the wells in the format shown. The plates were incubated for 30 minutes and then blocked overnight in 1% Bovine serum albumin in PBS at 4oC. DAY 2. Excess antigen is washed off, then diluted patients serum added to the wells and the plates incubated. The plates are again washed and the anti-IgM and anti-IgG enzyme conjugates added and the plates again incubated. Excess conjugate is washed off and substrate added. After a short incubation to allow colour development, positive samples are determined by the presence of a yellow colour in the appropriate well. This practical should be written up as a ‘traditional’ practical report including an introduction, methods, results and discussion. The report should be relatively brief, report the results in a suitable format and the discussion etc. should focus on the ‘mechanistic’ aspects of performing the ELISA. This report should then be followed by a more in-depth interpretation of the results in conjunction with the case studies of the four patients Patient 1 Patient 1, the headmaster of a large primary school, is a 56 year old male. He presented to the out-of-hours GP service at his local hospital on Sunday evening with dense reddish-brown maculopapular rash covering much of his neck, chest and back with a somewhat less dense coverage on his face and limbs. He reports that he has been feeling ill with a headache, cold-like symptoms and low grade fever for a few days and noticed a few spots on his chest when he went to bed Saturday night. When he awoke Sunday morning the rash was considerably more prominent and has become worse through the day. He also reports mild abdominal discomfort and diarrhœa for which he has taken Immodium. Along with confirmation of the widespread rash which fades under pressure, physical examination revealed a temperature of 38.2ºC and the presence of mild conjunctivitis. Auscultation indicated no abnormal respiratory sounds. The GP took a throat swab to send for microbial culture and a blood sample drawn by venepuncture into a tube containing no anticoagulant for an anti-viral antibody screen. Culture of the throat swab revealed nothing of significance. There is info regarding the 2nd 3rd and 4th patient and only given out to the one who is able to understand and carry out this report