Chimical report for 6 experiments using origin lab and powder cell

I want to make six reports for each experiment ,using the data I will give to make graphics ,with powder cell and origin lab . EXPERIENCE N° 1 – Core-Shell Bi2SiO5:Nd3+@SiO2 Nanoparticles: Hydrothermal and Sol-Gel Syntheses Bismuth-based compounds are an intriguing family of materials finding application in a variety of fields, ranging from superconductors to batteries, water splitting, cosmetics, and fuel cells, to name a few. Bismuth-based inorganic compounds are also particularly effective as hosts for luminescent ions such as lanthanides and transition metals. Among these, bismuth silicates are a family of compounds of general formula BixSiyOz combining the interesting properties of bismuth-oxide-based compounds with the chemistry of silicon oxide materials exploited in a wide variety of technological applications. By taking advantage of the ability of bismuth to lower the melting point of SiO2 to stabilize the metastable Bi2SiO5 phase at the nanoscale, the experience consists in the synthesis and characterization of a core-shell Bi2O3:Nd3+@SiO2 heteronanostructure and its successive thermal treatment [1-5]. The synthetic procedures for the preparation of highly monodisperse nanoparticles with homogeneous shape is summarized in the following scheme: (i) hydrothermal synthesis of monodisperse Ln-doped Bi2O3 NPs, (ii) growth of a silica shell by sol-gel procedure and (iii) thermal treatment for the stabilization of the desired system [4]. i) Uniform Bi2O3 NPs can be prepared by means of a hydrothermal synthesis [6]. Two separated bismuth and neodymium nitrate solutions are mixed to obtain the desired Bi:Nd ratio. PVP (Mw = 40000) is dissolved to the solution while, separately, a basic solution of urea dissolved into ethylene glycol (EG) is prepared to be poured into the first one and after some minutes of mixing, the mixture undergoes the hydrothermal treatment in autoclave. The mechanism for the formation of the bismuth oxide nanoparticles was suggested to consist of (i) a first step where Bi−PVP complexes are formed through the coordination bridges between Bi3+ and the carbonyl oxygen of PVP, with the formation of micelles due to the remaining PVP, and (ii) a second step in which the complexes could release Bi3+ ions that react with the OH− ions provided by urea slowing down the nucleation and consequently the crystal growth. The role of PVP as a stabilizer also prevents quick aggregation. This suggests the assembling of the primary aggregates as the main step for the nanoparticles size control. (ii) The procedure for the silica coating consists of hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) through an ethanol/ammonia/water system, the conventional Stöber process [7]. This process was originally reported by Werner Stöber in 1968 for the synthesis of monodisperse silica spheres. Colloidal silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are used as drug-delivery vehicles and imaging agents, adhesives, fillers, reinforcing agents, thickening agents, desiccants and food additives, to name a few. Since the introduction of nanotechnologies in the biomedical field, SiO2 NPs have been among the most investigated inorganic nanosystems with promising properties for therapy, imaging and theranostics [8].